SP_Ph1_PiLine.cpp

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/* Copyright 2017-2021 Institute for Automation of Complex Power Systems,
 *                     EONERC, RWTH Aachen University
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 *********************************************************************************/
 
#include <dpsim-models/MathUtils.h>
#include <dpsim-models/SP/SP_Ph1_PiLine.h>
 
using namespace CPS;
 
SP::Ph1::PiLine::PiLine(String uid, String name, Logger::Level logLevel)
    : Base::Ph1::PiLine(mAttributes),
      CompositePowerComp<Complex>(uid, name, false, true, logLevel),
      mCurrent(mAttributes->create<MatrixComp>("current_vector")),
      mActivePowerBranch(mAttributes->create<Matrix>("p_branch_vector")),
      mReactivePowerBranch(mAttributes->create<Matrix>("q_branch_vector")),
      mActivePowerInjection(mAttributes->create<Real>("p_inj")),
      mReactivePowerInjection(mAttributes->create<Real>("q_inj")) {
 
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Create {} {}", this->type(), name);
  mSLog->flush();
 
  setVirtualNodeNumber(1);
  setTerminalNumber(2);
  **mIntfVoltage = MatrixComp::Zero(1, 1);
  **mIntfCurrent = MatrixComp::Zero(1, 1);
  **mCurrent = MatrixComp::Zero(2, 1);
  **mActivePowerBranch = Matrix::Zero(2, 1);
  **mReactivePowerBranch = Matrix::Zero(2, 1);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::setParameters(Real resistance, Real inductance,
                                    Real capacitance, Real conductance) {
 
  **mSeriesRes = resistance;
  **mSeriesInd = inductance;
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Resistance={} [Ohm] Inductance={} [H]",
                     **mSeriesRes, **mSeriesInd);
 
  if (capacitance > 0) {
    **mParallelCap = capacitance;
    mParallelCapIsFallback = false;
  } else {
    **mParallelCap = 1e-12;
    mParallelCapIsFallback = true;
    SPDLOG_LOGGER_WARN(
        mSLog, "Zero value for Capacitance, setting default value of C={} [F]",
        **mParallelCap);
  }
  if (conductance > 0) {
    **mParallelCond = conductance;
    mParallelCondIsFallback = false;
  } else {
    if (mBehaviour == Behaviour::Initialization)
      **mParallelCond =
          (conductance >= 0)
              ? conductance
              : 1e-6; // init mode for initFromPowerFlow of mna system components
    else
      **mParallelCond = (conductance > 0) ? conductance : 1e-6;
    mParallelCondIsFallback = true;
    SPDLOG_LOGGER_WARN(
        mSLog, "Zero value for Conductance, setting default value of G={} [S]",
        **mParallelCond);
  }
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Capacitance={} [F] Conductance={} [S]",
                     **mParallelCap, **mParallelCond);
  mSLog->flush();
  mParametersSet = true;
}

SimPowerComp<Complex>::Ptr SP::Ph1::PiLine::clone(String name) {
  auto copy = PiLine::make(name, mLogLevel);
  copy->setParameters(**mSeriesRes, **mSeriesInd, **mParallelCap,
                      **mParallelCond);
  return copy;
}
 
// #### Powerflow section ####
Real SP::Ph1::PiLine::getBaseVoltage() const { return mBaseVoltage; }
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::setBaseVoltage(Real baseVoltage) {
  mBaseVoltage = baseVoltage;
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::calculatePerUnitParameters(Real baseApparentPower,
                                                 Real baseOmega) {
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "#### Calculate Per Unit Parameters for {}",
                     **mName);
  mBaseApparentPower = baseApparentPower;
  mBaseOmega = baseOmega;
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Base Power={} [VA]  Base Omega={} [1/s]",
                     baseApparentPower, baseOmega);
 
  mBaseImpedance = (mBaseVoltage * mBaseVoltage) / mBaseApparentPower;
  mBaseAdmittance = 1.0 / mBaseImpedance;
  mBaseInductance = mBaseImpedance / mBaseOmega;
  mBaseCapacitance = 1.0 / mBaseOmega / mBaseImpedance;
  mBaseCurrent = baseApparentPower /
                 (mBaseVoltage *
                  sqrt(3)); // I_base=(S_threephase/3)/(V_line_to_line/sqrt(3))
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Base Voltage={} [V]  Base Impedance={} [Ohm]",
                     mBaseVoltage, mBaseImpedance);
 
  mSeriesResPerUnit = **mSeriesRes / mBaseImpedance;
  mSeriesIndPerUnit = **mSeriesInd / mBaseInductance;
  mParallelCapPerUnit = **mParallelCap / mBaseCapacitance;
  mParallelCondPerUnit = **mParallelCond / mBaseAdmittance;
 
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Resistance={} [pu] Reactance={} [pu]",
                     mSeriesResPerUnit, 1. * mSeriesIndPerUnit);
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "Susceptance={} [pu] Conductance={} [pu]",
                     1. * mParallelCapPerUnit, mParallelCondPerUnit);
  mSLog->flush();
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::pfApplyAdmittanceMatrixStamp(SparseMatrixCompRow &Y) {
  int bus1 = this->matrixNodeIndex(0);
  int bus2 = this->matrixNodeIndex(1);
 
  // Exclude MNA-conditioning fallback shunt from standalone PF, keep it for Initialization
  Real parallelCondPerUnit =
      (mBehaviour == Behaviour::PFSimulation && mParallelCondIsFallback)
          ? 0.
          : mParallelCondPerUnit;
  Real parallelCapPerUnit =
      (mBehaviour == Behaviour::PFSimulation && mParallelCapIsFallback)
          ? 0.
          : mParallelCapPerUnit;
 
  //create the element admittance matrix
  Complex y =
      Complex(1, 0) / Complex(mSeriesResPerUnit, 1. * mSeriesIndPerUnit);
  Complex ys =
      Complex(parallelCondPerUnit, 1. * parallelCapPerUnit) / Complex(2, 0);
 
  //Fill the internal matrix
  mY_element = MatrixComp(2, 2);
  mY_element(0, 0) = y + ys;
  mY_element(0, 1) = -y;
  mY_element(1, 0) = -y;
  mY_element(1, 1) = y + ys;
 
  //check for inf or nan
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
      if (!Math::isFinite(mY_element.coeff(i, j))) {
        SPDLOG_LOGGER_ERROR(
            mSLog,
            "Line {}: non-finite per-unit admittance {} in element Y({},{})",
            this->name(), Logger::complexToString(mY_element.coeff(i, j)), i,
            j);
        throw InvalidArgumentException();
      }
 
  //set the circuit matrix values
  Y.coeffRef(bus1, bus1) += mY_element.coeff(0, 0);
  Y.coeffRef(bus1, bus2) += mY_element.coeff(0, 1);
  Y.coeffRef(bus2, bus2) += mY_element.coeff(1, 1);
  Y.coeffRef(bus2, bus1) += mY_element.coeff(1, 0);
 
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "#### PF Y matrix stamping #### ");
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(mSLog, "{}", mY_element);
  mSLog->flush();
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::updateBranchFlow(VectorComp &current,
                                       VectorComp &powerflow) {
  **mCurrent = current * mBaseCurrent;
  **mActivePowerBranch = powerflow.real() * mBaseApparentPower;
  **mReactivePowerBranch = powerflow.imag() * mBaseApparentPower;
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::storeNodalInjection(Complex powerInjection) {
  **mActivePowerInjection = std::real(powerInjection) * mBaseApparentPower;
  **mReactivePowerInjection = std::imag(powerInjection) * mBaseApparentPower;
}
 
MatrixComp SP::Ph1::PiLine::Y_element() { return mY_element; }
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::createSubComponents() {
  if (mSubCompCreated)
    return;
  mSubCompCreated = true;
 
  // By default there is always a small conductance to ground to
  // avoid problems with floating nodes.
  **mParallelCond = (**mParallelCond >= 0) ? **mParallelCond : 1e-6;
 
  // Create series sub components
  mSubSeriesResistor =
      std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Resistor>(**mName + "_res", mLogLevel);
  mSubSeriesResistor->setParameters(**mSeriesRes);
  mSubSeriesResistor->connect({mTerminals[0]->node(), mVirtualNodes[0]});
  addMNASubComponent(mSubSeriesResistor, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                     MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, false);
 
  mSubSeriesInductor =
      std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Inductor>(**mName + "_ind", mLogLevel);
  mSubSeriesInductor->setParameters(**mSeriesInd);
  mSubSeriesInductor->connect({mVirtualNodes[0], mTerminals[1]->node()});
  addMNASubComponent(mSubSeriesInductor, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                     MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, true);
 
  // Create parallel sub components
  if (**mParallelCond >= 0) {
    mSubParallelResistor0 =
        std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Resistor>(**mName + "_con0", mLogLevel);
    mSubParallelResistor0->setParameters(2. / **mParallelCond);
    mSubParallelResistor0->connect(
        SimNode::List{SimNode::GND, mTerminals[0]->node()});
    addMNASubComponent(mSubParallelResistor0, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                       MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, false);
 
    mSubParallelResistor1 =
        std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Resistor>(**mName + "_con1", mLogLevel);
    mSubParallelResistor1->setParameters(2. / **mParallelCond);
    mSubParallelResistor1->connect(
        SimNode::List{SimNode::GND, mTerminals[1]->node()});
    addMNASubComponent(mSubParallelResistor1, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                       MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, false);
  }
 
  if (**mParallelCap > 0) {
    mSubParallelCapacitor0 =
        std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Capacitor>(**mName + "_cap0", mLogLevel);
    mSubParallelCapacitor0->setParameters(**mParallelCap / 2.);
    mSubParallelCapacitor0->connect(
        SimNode::List{SimNode::GND, mTerminals[0]->node()});
    addMNASubComponent(mSubParallelCapacitor0, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                       MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, true);
 
    mSubParallelCapacitor1 =
        std::make_shared<SP::Ph1::Capacitor>(**mName + "_cap1", mLogLevel);
    mSubParallelCapacitor1->setParameters(**mParallelCap / 2.);
    mSubParallelCapacitor1->connect(
        SimNode::List{SimNode::GND, mTerminals[1]->node()});
    addMNASubComponent(mSubParallelCapacitor1, MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::NO_TASK,
                       MNA_SUBCOMP_TASK_ORDER::TASK_BEFORE_PARENT, true);
  }
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::initializeParentFromNodesAndTerminals(Real frequency) {
  // Static calculation
  Real omega = 2. * PI * frequency;
  Complex impedance = {**mSeriesRes, omega * **mSeriesInd};
  (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) = initialSingleVoltage(1) - initialSingleVoltage(0);
  (**mIntfCurrent)(0, 0) = (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) / impedance;
 
  // Initialization of virtual node
  mVirtualNodes[0]->setInitialVoltage(initialSingleVoltage(0) +
                                      (**mIntfCurrent)(0, 0) * **mSeriesRes);
 
  SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(
      mSLog,
      "\n--- Initialization from powerflow ---"
      "\nVoltage across: {:s}"
      "\nCurrent: {:s}"
      "\nTerminal 0 voltage: {:s}"
      "\nTerminal 1 voltage: {:s}"
      "\nVirtual Node 1 voltage: {:s}"
      "\n--- Initialization from powerflow finished ---",
      Logger::phasorToString((**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0)),
      Logger::phasorToString((**mIntfCurrent)(0, 0)),
      Logger::phasorToString(initialSingleVoltage(0)),
      Logger::phasorToString(initialSingleVoltage(1)),
      Logger::phasorToString(mVirtualNodes[0]->initialSingleVoltage()));
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaParentAddPostStepDependencies(
    AttributeBase::List &prevStepDependencies,
    AttributeBase::List &attributeDependencies,
    AttributeBase::List &modifiedAttributes,
    Attribute<Matrix>::Ptr &leftVector) {
  attributeDependencies.push_back(leftVector);
  modifiedAttributes.push_back(mIntfVoltage);
  modifiedAttributes.push_back(mIntfCurrent);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaParentPostStep(Real time, Int timeStepCount,
                                        Attribute<Matrix>::Ptr &leftVector) {
  this->mnaUpdateVoltage(**leftVector);
  this->mnaUpdateCurrent(**leftVector);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaCompUpdateVoltage(const Matrix &leftVector) {
  (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) = 0;
  if (terminalNotGrounded(1))
    (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) =
        Math::complexFromVectorElement(leftVector, matrixNodeIndex(1));
  if (terminalNotGrounded(0))
    (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) =
        (**mIntfVoltage)(0, 0) -
        Math::complexFromVectorElement(leftVector, matrixNodeIndex(0));
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaCompUpdateCurrent(const Matrix &leftVector) {
  (**mIntfCurrent)(0, 0) = mSubSeriesInductor->intfCurrent()(0, 0);
}
 
MNAInterface::List SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaTearGroundComponents() {
  MNAInterface::List gndComponents;
 
  gndComponents.push_back(mSubParallelResistor0);
  gndComponents.push_back(mSubParallelResistor1);
 
  if (**mParallelCap > 0) {
    gndComponents.push_back(mSubParallelCapacitor0);
    gndComponents.push_back(mSubParallelCapacitor1);
  }
 
  return gndComponents;
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaTearInitialize(Real omega, Real timeStep) {
  mSubSeriesResistor->mnaTearSetIdx(mTearIdx);
  mSubSeriesResistor->mnaTearInitialize(omega, timeStep);
  mSubSeriesInductor->mnaTearSetIdx(mTearIdx);
  mSubSeriesInductor->mnaTearInitialize(omega, timeStep);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaTearApplyMatrixStamp(SparseMatrixRow &tearMatrix) {
  mSubSeriesResistor->mnaTearApplyMatrixStamp(tearMatrix);
  mSubSeriesInductor->mnaTearApplyMatrixStamp(tearMatrix);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaTearApplyVoltageStamp(Matrix &voltageVector) {
  mSubSeriesInductor->mnaTearApplyVoltageStamp(voltageVector);
}
 
void SP::Ph1::PiLine::mnaTearPostStep(Complex voltage, Complex current) {
  mSubSeriesInductor->mnaTearPostStep(voltage - current * **mSeriesRes,
                                      current);
}